General Science: Grade 9-10
Key Concepts
Grade 9
Biology
Reproduction: Sexual and asexual reproduction, human reproductive systems, genetic inheritance.
Cell Division: Mitosis and meiosis, basics of genetics, DNA structure.
Evolution: Natural selection, adaptation, and the theory of evolution.
Chemistry
Atomic Theory: Structure of the atom, elements, isotopes, introduction to the periodic table.
Chemical Reactions: Types of reactions (synthesis, decomposition, single and double displacement), balancing equations.
Acids and Bases: pH scale, properties of acids and bases, neutralization reactions.
Physics
Electricity: Static electricity, electric current, circuits (series and parallel), Ohm’s law.
Magnetism: Magnetic fields, electromagnets, relationship between electricity and magnetism.
Space Science
Solar System: Detailed study of planets, moons, asteroids, comets.
The Universe: Stars, galaxies, the Big Bang theory, expansion of the universe.
Grade 10
Biology
Sustainability of Ecosystems: Ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, human impact, conservation.
Genetics: Mendelian genetics, Punnett squares, patterns of inheritance, genetic mutations.
Evolution and Natural Selection: Evolutionary processes, evidence for evolution, adaptation.
Chemistry
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table: Detailed understanding of atomic theory, periodic trends, and electron configuration.
Chemical Bonding: Ionic, covalent bonds, molecular geometry, polarity, intermolecular forces.
Reactions and Stoichiometry: Balancing chemical equations, mole concept, stoichiometric calculations.
Physics
Kinematics: Motion, speed, velocity, acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs.
Dynamics: Newton’s laws of motion, force, mass, weight, friction.
Energy: Work, kinetic and potential energy, conservation of energy, power.
Earth Science
Plate Tectonics: Earth's structure, plate boundaries, earthquakes, volcanoes.
Weather and Climate: Atmospheric layers, weather systems, global climate patterns, climate change.
Resources and Sustainability: Renewable and non-renewable resources, resource management, sustainable practices.