General Science: Grade 9-10

Key Concepts

Grade 9

  • Biology

    • Reproduction: Sexual and asexual reproduction, human reproductive systems, genetic inheritance.

    • Cell Division: Mitosis and meiosis, basics of genetics, DNA structure.

    • Evolution: Natural selection, adaptation, and the theory of evolution.

  • Chemistry

    • Atomic Theory: Structure of the atom, elements, isotopes, introduction to the periodic table.

    • Chemical Reactions: Types of reactions (synthesis, decomposition, single and double displacement), balancing equations.

    • Acids and Bases: pH scale, properties of acids and bases, neutralization reactions.

  • Physics

    • Electricity: Static electricity, electric current, circuits (series and parallel), Ohm’s law.

    • Magnetism: Magnetic fields, electromagnets, relationship between electricity and magnetism.

  • Space Science

    • Solar System: Detailed study of planets, moons, asteroids, comets.

    • The Universe: Stars, galaxies, the Big Bang theory, expansion of the universe.

Grade 10

  • Biology

    • Sustainability of Ecosystems: Ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, human impact, conservation.

    • Genetics: Mendelian genetics, Punnett squares, patterns of inheritance, genetic mutations.

    • Evolution and Natural Selection: Evolutionary processes, evidence for evolution, adaptation.

  • Chemistry

    • Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table: Detailed understanding of atomic theory, periodic trends, and electron configuration.

    • Chemical Bonding: Ionic, covalent bonds, molecular geometry, polarity, intermolecular forces.

    • Reactions and Stoichiometry: Balancing chemical equations, mole concept, stoichiometric calculations.

  • Physics

    • Kinematics: Motion, speed, velocity, acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs.

    • Dynamics: Newton’s laws of motion, force, mass, weight, friction.

    • Energy: Work, kinetic and potential energy, conservation of energy, power.

  • Earth Science

    • Plate Tectonics: Earth's structure, plate boundaries, earthquakes, volcanoes.

    • Weather and Climate: Atmospheric layers, weather systems, global climate patterns, climate change.

    • Resources and Sustainability: Renewable and non-renewable resources, resource management, sustainable practices.